Astaxanthin is a keto-carotenoid. It belongs to a larger class of chemical compounds known as terpenes (as a tetraterpenoid) built from five carbon precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate, and dimethylallyl diphosphate. Astaxanthin is classified as a xanthophyll (originally derived from a word meaning “Yellow leaves

Silymarin {milk thistle}has other common names including cardus marianus, milk thistle, blessed milkthistle, marian thistle, mary thistle, saint mary’s thistle, mediterranean milk thistle, variegated thistle and scotch thistle this species is an annual or biennial plant of the family asteraceae. This fairly typical thistle has red to purple flowers and shiny pale green leaves with white veins

Lutein marigold extracts is a genus of about 15–20 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the daisy family asteraceae that are often known as marigolds.   They are native to southwestern asia, western europe, macaronesia, and the mediterranean. Other plants are also known as marigolds, such as corn marigold, desert marigold, marsh marigold, and plants of the genus tagetes.

Garcinia combogia is a genus of flowering plants in the number of species is disputed; the kew gardens recognise up to 400. Commonly, the plants in this genus are called saptrees, mangosteens (which may also refer specifically to garcinia mangostana), garcinias, or monkey fruit.

Boswellia serrata is a plant that produces indian frankincense. It is also known as indian oli-banum, salai guggul, and sallaki in sanskrit.

Βeta carotene is an organic, strongly coloured red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is a member of the carotenes, which are terpenoids (isoprenoids), synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and thus having 40 carbons. Among the carotenes, β-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. Β-carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.

Grape seed extract is an industrial derivative of whole grape seeds. The extract contains proanthocyanidins. Grape seed extract quality is measured by the content of procyanidins which are formed from proanthocyanidins. Generally, grape seed extract quality contains 95% procyanidins

Curcumin is a bright yellow chemical produced by plants of the curcuma longa species. It is the principal curcuminoid of turmeric (curcuma longa), a member of the ginger family, zingiberaceae. It is sold as an herbal supplement, cosmetics ingredient, food flavoring, and food coloring.
Chemically, curcumin is a diarylheptanoid, belonging to the group of curcuminoids, which are phenolic pigments responsible for the yellow color of turmeric.